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                  <text>Convicting the Innocent: Japanese American Youth at Topaz</text>
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                <text>“Our Younger Generation”</text>
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                <text>Central Utah Relocation Center, Utah; World War II; Japanese American Internment; </text>
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                <text>Hiro Katayama wrote this article which was included in "All Aboard," which was a literary and art magazine published by Japanese Americans  in 1944 at Topaz. This article discusses the difficulties that youth encountered at Topaz, including boredom and lack of educational support. The article argues that in order for youth to become Americanized, they must be able to relocate outside of the internment camps.</text>
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                <text>Katayama, Hiro (author); Sugihara, Yuriko (illustrator)</text>
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                <text>Central Utah Relocation Center. Historical Section. Project Reports Division. All Aboard (Spring 1944). Digitized from a original copy generously lent to Utah State University Library by the Topaz Museum.</text>
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                <text>Digitized by the Digital Initiatives Unit, Merrill-Cazier Library, Utah State University</text>
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                <text>Central Utah Relocation Center, Utah</text>
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                  <text>Convicting the Innocent: Japanese American Youth at Topaz</text>
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                <text>Dealing with Japanese Americans</text>
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                <text>Central Utah Relocation Center, Utah; World War II; Japanese American Internment; </text>
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                <text>Written in October 1942 to staff of the War Relocation Authority, this paper stresses the importance of understanding the cultural background of the Japanese Americans living in relocation centers. It describes common behavior patterns among the older Japanese (issue) such as use of a go-between for negotiating sensitive matters between two people or parties to avoid embarrassment. It urges staff to become personally acquainted with as many of the center residents as possible to build confidence and allay fears. To communicate new policies, Embree recommends they be explained directly by the center's head instead of via a middle person. He describes the anxieties and attitudes likely to be operating in the three groups making up relocation center populations: issue (born in Japan); nisei (born in U.S., educated in U.S.); and kibei (born in U.S. , educated in Japan). </text>
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                <text>Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections &amp; Archives, Topaz Internment Camp Documents, (MSS 170, Box 1, Fd. 8)</text>
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                <text>1942-10</text>
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                <text>Digitized by the Digital Initiatives Unit, Merrill-Cazier Library, Utah State University</text>
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                <text>Central Utah Relocation Center, Utah</text>
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                <text>Embree, John F. (writer)</text>
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                  <text>Convicting the Innocent: Japanese American Youth at Topaz</text>
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                <text>Guidebook of the Center</text>
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                <text>Central Utah Relocation Center, Utah; World War II; Japanese American Internment; </text>
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                <text>Guidebook to the Central Utah Relocation Project in Topaz, Utah describes to incoming residents the layout, facilities, and services of the center. Illustrated by Yuri Sugihara, the guidebook contains maps, building layouts, a diagram of the "Topaz shield," schedules for work, religious services, etc., and written policies, procedures as well as a list of "do's" and "don'ts." Cover says: Welcome to Topaz!</text>
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                <text>Central Utah Relocation Center</text>
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                <text>Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections &amp; Archives, Leonard J. Arrington Historical Archives, (LJAHA COLL 1, Series XII, Box 146, Fd. 7)</text>
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                <text>1943-09</text>
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                <text>Digitized by the Digital Initiatives Unit, Merrill-Cazier Library, Utah State University</text>
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                <text>This is a U.S. government document and as such is freely available without restriction.</text>
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                <text>SCALJAHAMSS01Ser12Bx146Fd07.pdf</text>
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                <text>Central Utah Relocation Center, Utah</text>
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                  <text>Convicting the Innocent: Japanese American Youth at Topaz</text>
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                <text>Ramblings 1943</text>
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                <text>Central Utah Relocation Center, Utah; World War II; Japanese American Internment; Topaz High School; youth</text>
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                <text>Japanese American students interned at the Topaz Relocation Center produced high school yearbooks during the 1943 and 1944 school years. The introduction to the 1943 yearbook provides some insight into the unusual nature of their school: "The Topaz High School Student Body Association is composed of students from almost all of the big and small towns and cities of California, and includes some from the Hawaiian Islands. In one year's time these children of truck gardeners, grocerymen, merchants, clerks, domestic works, carpenters, ministers, laundrymen, teachers, and others have amalgamated into a well organized functioning student body. Sports and activities have taken place in which every student has participated with an effervescent spirit although there was dire need for equipment. The first graduating class had one hundred and ninety-six seniors and twenty summer session students, many graduating with honors.</text>
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                <text>The Associated Students of Topaz High School</text>
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                <text>Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections &amp; Archives, Topaz Internment Camp Documents, (MSS 170, Box 1, Fd. 10)</text>
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                <text>1943</text>
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                <text>Digitized by the Digital Initiatives Unit, Merrill-Cazier Library, Utah State University</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259005">
                <text>This is a U.S. government document and as such is freely available without restriction.</text>
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                <text>SCAMSS0170Bx001Fd10.pdf</text>
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                <text>Central Utah Relocation Center, Utah</text>
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                  <text>Convicting the Innocent: Japanese American Youth at Topaz</text>
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                <text>Ramblings 1944</text>
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                <text>Central Utah Relocation Center, Utah; World War II; Japanese American Internment; Topaz High School; youth</text>
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                <text>Ramblings '44 is the second yearbook produced by the Associated Students of Topaz High School. Covering the school year September 1943 through June 1944, it describes the scholastic activities and accomplishments of Japanese American students interned at the Topaz Relocation Center in Utah during World War II.</text>
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                <text>The Associated Students of Topaz High School</text>
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                <text>Digitized from a copy of Ramblings generously loaned by the Topaz Museum. The Associated Students of Topaz High School. Ramblings 1944. (Central Utah Relocation Center, Topaz, Utah, 1944)</text>
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                <text>Digitized by the Digital Initiatives Unit, Merrill-Cazier Library, Utah State University</text>
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                <text>This is a U.S. government document and as such is freely available without restriction.</text>
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                <text>Central Utah Relocation Center, Utah</text>
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                  <text>Convicting the Innocent: Japanese American Youth at Topaz</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Nagare no Tabi (A Stream's Journey)</text>
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                <text>Central Utah Relocation Center, Utah; World War II; Japanese American Internment; Topaz Times Newspaper</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Chiura Obata, a renowned art professor and artist interred at Topaz, produced the art and text for this story. It was originally published in the New Year’s edition of the ""Topaz Times"" in January of 1943. Translated, the story reads:&#13;
 “Under the spring sun, our fateful journey began from Berkeley, California. Our destiny after ""Pearl Harbor"" was to be determined by a Higher Power—who could foretell our fate? Now, looking back, we feel nostalgia as we see the panorama of the past eight months of our life.      &#13;
While buses carried us across the great San Francisco Bay Bridge, we caught a glimpse of the San Francisco skyline silhouetted in the rain. We felt a tug in our hearts as we bid farewell to the familiar surroundings to which we had become so attached.&#13;
We waded in rain, through slush and mud up to our knees, only to stumble into empty horse stalls. Many an involuntary sob escaped our lips as we began our life at Tanforan. &#13;
The spirit of ten thousand people, however, could not be crushed for long. Presently, we made our own way of life among ourselves and found a bond of attachment with everything around us. But our journey was not yet over. We were soon to say farewell to the community we had helped to build and to the familiar grandstand which towered above.&#13;
Good-bye, California! Good-bye to our beloved mother state. Our last adieus were said as we sped past the beautiful Feather River.&#13;
Hello, Utah! But how dry and wild the desert country is! Resting beside the railroad, we girded our spirits and prepared ourselves for our coming life. &#13;
The desert dust storm! Barracks, rooms—everything, everywhere was sunk in darkness! But not so our hopes and determination to conquer nature’s violence. We looked up, and there, as if in answer, not fifty feet above us we saw the pure blue of the skies.&#13;
Four months of hardship have passed. Our strong hopes and iron will to succeed have never wavered. At last, we see the beautiful dawn as reflected in the morning sun bright against the snow-covered Mt. Topaz!”&#13;
(Translation from: Lawson Fusao Inada, Only What We Could Carry: The Japanese American Internment Experience (Berkeley: Heyday, 2000), 50.)                                                                                                            </text>
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                <text>Obata, Chiura (artist)</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259022">
                <text>Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections &amp; Archives, Topaz Internment Camp Documents, (MSS 170, Box 1, Fd. 2)</text>
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                <text>1943</text>
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                <text>Digitized by the Digital Initiatives Unit, Merrill-Cazier Library, Utah State University</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="259025">
                <text>Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections &amp; Archives (email: SCWeb@usu.edu)</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259026">
                <text>SCAMSS0170Bx001Fd02-002-003.jpg</text>
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                <text>Central Utah Relocation Center, Utah</text>
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  </item>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Convicting the Innocent: Japanese American Youth at Topaz</text>
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    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259028">
                <text>First Issue of Topaz Times Jr.</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Central Utah Relocation Center, Utah; World War II; Japanese American Internment; Topaz High School; youth</text>
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                <text>This is the first issue of the "Topaz Times Jr.," the Topaz High newspaper, published on December 23, 1944. Later, the name was changed to "The Topazette," and it included a section for the jr. high. This issue announces a school play as well as message from the Student Body Government. This issue also has a faculty list, a list of books that students requested for the school for Christmas, a sports and editorial page, as well as a Christmas comic.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Topaz High Student Journalism Class of 1942 </text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259032">
                <text>Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections &amp; Archives, Topaz Internment Camp Documents, (MSS 170, Box 1, Fd. 3)</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259033">
                <text>1942-12-23</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259034">
                <text>Digitized by the Digital Initiatives Unit, Merrill-Cazier Library, Utah State University</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="259035">
                <text>Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections &amp; Archives (email: SCWeb@usu.edu)</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259036">
                <text>SCAMSS0170Bx001Fd03.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="259037">
                <text>Central Utah Relocation Center, Utah</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  </item>
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    <fileContainer>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="258262">
                  <text>Convicting the Innocent: Japanese American Youth at Topaz</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259038">
                <text>To Parents, Patrons, and Friends of the Topaz City High School</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259039">
                <text>Central Utah Relocation Center, Utah; World War II; Japanese American Internment; Topaz High School; youth</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This is a newsletter from L.G. Noble, the principle of Topaz High in 1942, to the parents of the high school and jr. high students. This document lists a number of expectations and goals that the high school staff hoped to accomplish. Topics include addressing school curricula, attendance, and the prohibition of tobacco. The second half of the document is a translated version of the letter in Japanese.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Noble, L.G. (compiler)</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="259042">
                <text>Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections &amp; Archives, Topaz Internment Camp Documents, (MSS 170, Box 1, Fd. 7)</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="259043">
                <text>1942-12-14</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="259044">
                <text>Digitized by the Digital Initiatives Unit, Merrill-Cazier Library, Utah State University</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="259045">
                <text>Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections &amp; Archives (email: SCWeb@usu.edu)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="259046">
                <text>SCAMSS0170Bx001Fd07-001-002.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259047">
                <text>Central Utah Relocation Center, Utah</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  </item>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="258262">
                  <text>Convicting the Innocent: Japanese American Youth at Topaz</text>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259048">
                <text>Final Issue of "Tanforan Totalizer"</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>World War II; Japanese American Internment; Tanforan Assembly Center, California</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259050">
                <text>This copy of the "Tanforan Totalizer" Vol 1, No. 19 is the final issue of the magazine published on September 12, 1942. This issue includes a history of life at Tanforan and is by far the largest issue. It also includes an introduction to the Topaz internment camp as most of the Tanforan internees were assigned to relocate there. Most Japanese Americans had been living in Tanforan since April 28, 1942 before they were relocated to Topaz.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Katayama, Taro (editor)</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="259052">
                <text>Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections &amp; Archives, Oversized collection 88, Volume 1, Number 19.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259053">
                <text>1942-09-13</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259054">
                <text>Digitized by the Digital Initiatives Unit, Merrill-Cazier Library, Utah State University</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="259055">
                <text>Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections &amp; Archives (email: SCWeb@usu.edu)</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259056">
                <text>SCAVOV088Vol01No019.pdf</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259057">
                <text>Tanforan Assembly Center, California</text>
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  </item>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="258262">
                  <text>Convicting the Innocent: Japanese American Youth at Topaz</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259058">
                <text>Donald Nakahata Oral History</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259059">
                <text>Central Utah Relocation Center, Utah; World War II; Japanese American Internment; youth</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
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                <text>This is an oral history with Donald Nakahata, who was 12 at the time of evacuation and 15 by the time he left Topaz. Nakahata discusses his impressions and recollections of his internment experience.</text>
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